NJIT Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The New Jersey Institute of Technology is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 64%. Located on a 45-acre campus in Newark, New Jersey, NJIT offers easy access to New York City. Undergraduate students can choose from over 126 degree programs and majors within six schools and colleges. NJIT has a 17-to-1  student/faculty ratio  and ranks as a top-tier national research university. Students can participate in 140 clubs and organizations, and the school has an active fraternity and sorority system. In athletics, the NJIT Highlanders compete in the NCAA Division I  Atlantic Sun Conference  for most sports. Considering applying to NJIT? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, NJIT had an acceptance rate of 64%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 64 were admitted, making NJITs admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 8,123 Percent Admitted 64% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 24% SAT Scores and Requirements The New Jersey Institute of Technology requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 90% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 580 670 Math 610 710 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of NJITs admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to NJIT scored between 580 and 670, while 25% scored below 580 and 25% scored above 670. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 610 and 710, while 25% scored below 610 and 25% scored above 710. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1380 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at New Jersey Institute of Technology. Requirements NJIT does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that NJIT participates in the scorechoice program which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements The New Jersey Institute of Technology requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 17% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 23 32 Math 25 31 Composite 25 30 This admissions data tells us that most of NJITs admitted students fall within the top 22% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to NJIT received a composite ACT score between 25 and 30, while 25% scored above 30 and 25% scored below 25. Requirements New Jersey Institute of Technology does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, NJIT superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the mean high school GPA of NJITs incoming freshman class was 3.59, and over 90% of admitted students had an average GPA of 3.0 or above. This information suggests that most successful applicants to New Jersey Institute of Technology have primarily B/B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to New Jersey Institute of Technology. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances New Jersey Institute of Technology, which accepts nearly two-thirds of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. However, NJIT has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond numerical data. A strong application essay and a glowing letter of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. The admissions office is looking for applicants who rank in the top 25% of their class, or have a 3.0 average GPA. They are also looking for students who show improving grades over time. Applicants to design or architecture programs will need to submit a portfolio along with their application for admission. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent students who were accepted. Successful applicants typically had SAT scores (ERWM) of 1050 or higher, an ACT composite of 21 or higher, and a high school average in the B range or better. As with most colleges with a technology-focused mission, NJIT applicants tend to demonstrate particular strengths in math and science. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and New Jersey Institute of Technology Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Essay on Bshs 325 Entire Course Week 1-5 ( a Graded )

BSHS 325 Entire Course Week 1-5 ( A Graded ) Follow Link Below To Get Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/bshs-325-entire-course-week-1-5-a-graded/ Description: BSHS 325 Week 1 Course Description BSHS 325 Week 1 DQS (1) Should a pregnant woman who consumes illegal drugs that damage her child be punished as a criminal? Explain your reasoning with references to support your thoughts and ideas. (2) How does general systems theory influence human services delivery? BSHS 325 Week 1 Assignment Foundation of Human Development Paper BSHS 325 Week 1 Assignment Foundation of Human Development Worksheet BSHS 325 Week 2 Course Description] (1) What are the social constructs associated with early and late†¦show more content†¦How will this benefit you and the client? What policies might a nursing home institute to minimize the chances that its residents will develop institutionalism? Why are such policies uncommon? How would you apply the strengths, needs, abilities, and preferences principles in your desired future, or current, human services career? How will this benefit you and the client? What policies might a nursing home institute to minimize the chances that its residents will develop institutionalism? Why are such policies uncommon? BSHS 325 Week 4 Assignment Death and Dying Brochure BSHS 325 Week 4 Assignment Later Adulthood Development Report BSHS 325 Week 5 Course Description What community efforts have been developed in your area to decrease substance abuse? How effective are these efforts? How can they be improved? How does technology and media connect people to the community? What are the effects of these connections on human well-being? What community efforts have been developed in your area to decrease substance abuse? How effective are these efforts? How can they be improved? How does technology and media connect people to the community? What are the effects of these connections on human well-being? BSHS 325 Week 5 Assignment Family Systems Presentation BSHS 325 Week 5 Assignment Macro System and Human Service Professional BSHS 325 Entire Course Week 1-5 ( A Graded ) Follow Link Below To Get Tutorial

The Young Can Teach the Elderly Free Essays

According to common belief, we, especially the younger, usually learn many things from previous generations. Some even believe that the young cannot teach in turn the elderly. To my way of thinking, I do not agree with this idea in many aspects. We will write a custom essay sample on The Young Can Teach the Elderly or any similar topic only for you Order Now On one hand, I admit that the elderly has played an important part in teaching young men, and we benefit a lot from their knowledge. In particular, they have incurred and undergone many events in their lives; therefore, they have gathered lots of experiences, which are very useful for us. Time has taught them how to deal with problems and difficulties, and they can teach us about it. On the other hand, I feel we, the young, in turn can teach them about a lot of things as follow. The first thing to mention is modern knowledge, especially innovations in technology, which the elderly can hardly follow. For example, we can show them about how to use the internet, a marvelous invention in modern day, which is quite strange to them. Similarly, the elderly usually are not familiar with learning foreign languages, like English, thus we teach them how to learn and use it effectively. Another thing we can teach the elderly is communication skill. As we can see, the elderly tend to limit their relationships, and they almost communicate with a few relatives and friends only. On the contrary, the young usually talk to a lot of people, even strangers, through using social network or chatting utility. Hence, they always feel happy and relaxed, because they can share their emotions and thoughts with many people. Moreover, they feel more comfortable and self-confident in real life’s communication, therefore may succeed more in work. All these things should be taught to elderly, whose timid characteristics sometimes lead to their failure. To sum up, though the knowledge of the elderly is very large and extensive/ however experienced and wise the elder generation may be, they sometimes have to learn many things from the young. Only by this way can they achieve success in this new era. Vice versa, the young should also take all advantages from the elderly to be more successful in life. How to cite The Young Can Teach the Elderly, Essay examples

Advantages Choosing Fabricated Timber House â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Advantages Of Choosing Fabricated Timber Based House? Answer: Introduction On the off chance that one looks at a pre-assembled timber outline house to places of other sort inside such qualities as warmth protection, development speed, assortment of alternatives for inside and outside enrichment, and, above all obviously, the development costs, at that point pre-assembled timber outline sort houses are no. 1 in any of those qualities. Lower development costs. The development expenses of a pre-assembled timber outline house are unimaginably low, on the off chance that one thinks about them to other building methodologies and innovations. On the off chance that building a timber outline house, you will spare finance development materials, time and work. And you will achieve higher floor space effectiveness per square meter, than for a block or solid building. Least upkeep costs. The upkeep of a pre-assembled timber outline house is extensively less expensive, on accounting of all around created warm protection. A place of this sort will give a warm and comfortable microclimate amid the winter a long time at least warming expense. The warmth protection level of a 20 cm thick timber outline house divider compares to a large portion of a meter thick solid square divider. Particularly because of its productive warmth protection, timber outline houses are considered to be earth well disposed as they require bring down measure of regular assets to be expended to supply warming. Boundless development arrangements: The pre-assembled timber outline house innovation empowers to fulfill any design necessities. Our organization is completely fit for executing any timber outline house venture. And also the outside improvement is totally subject to client's taste and money related limit. A timber outline house with completely improved outside can be made to look both as timber or a block house. Time effective development. The development innovation of pre-assembled timber outline houses permits to completely entire a house for home inside three months for the snapshot of development start. The development of a pre-assembled timber outline house can be completed amid any season, including winter. Extraordinary, yet again this is accomplished by utilizing the timber outline house building innovation Delicacy. The heaviness of a pre-assembled timber outline house is significantly light and thusly it doesn't die down rather than a solid, piece or a block house. Accordingly the outside beautification can be done directly after the fulfillment of development and also it is livable the exact instant. Establishments' development. Because of the light weight of a pre-assembled timber outline house, it doesn't require intemperate establishments. Along these lines the development time is abbreviated, and one will spare significantly on materials, transport and development. Toughness. Timber outline houses are astoundingly suited for seismically dynamic areas because of its sturdiness and light weight and as expressed before it doesn't require stone monument and exorbitant establishments. The sturdiness of a pre-assembled timber outline house assumes a critical part in its life span. Life span. The life time of a pre-assembled timber outline house will keep going for over a century, on account of its particular advancements and precisely fixed casing. Subsequently you are building a house for yourselves as well as for the coming eras of your family. The life span is given by our broad experience and use of refined advancements, which stems well in the past from such nations as Scandinavia, Japan, USA and Canada. The predecessors of the present timber outline houses can be found in Germany, which are over 800 years of age. Natural kind disposition. The materials that are utilized as a part of the development of pre-assembled timber outline houses are ecologically well disposed. The timber outline house outline is connected with an answer that shields it from dampness, spoiling and consuming. And said some time recently, the upkeep of the house requires least asset utilization. Research Gap To completely exploit the capability of, and to build the effectiveness in, timber development, an expanded hypothetical and pragmatic comprehension of the business furthermore, the procedure advancement is required. Down to earth and hypothetical apparatuses that empower a joint improvement of timber designing and construction in wood development with the business sectors dynamic requests on customization and leanness, to focused prices, are as yet deficient. Theoretical Framework These picked segments can be partitioned into some extraordinary hypothetical ranges. Process arranging and undertaking administration can be examined as far as active for instance in terms of lean development. Learning creation is an extremely complex zone furthermore; it was difficult for me to settle on which hypotheses I should center. My decision progressed toward becoming to examine information creation as far as hierarchical learning c.f. also, showing ventures c.f. As it is proposed that showing activities ought to be utilized as a way to expand the utilization of timber in lodging development. Methodology Exploratory contextual analysis - it is a moderately new kind of work appointed to understudies of higher instructive foundations, so there are dependably troubles with composing it. As per the word reference, this task includes an itemized research of the given topic went for demonstrating a total comprehension of this subject. Participants The survey participants of the research will other project managers as well as construction managers working in different construction companies or developers. Data Collection In the research data collection would include surveys and questionnaires. Data Analysis and Discussion Data analysis would be done using SPSS in the current research. Significance of Research Accordingly this think about gives a one of a kind chance to portray, investigate and clarify the systems also, procedures of the presentation of another material and new on-screen characters to development. A similar assessment indicates higher efficiency in the assembling business than in the development business. One basic issue in the development business is the fracture of the business. Truth be told, what we typically call the development business is entirely a monetary segment then an industry. It is comprised of a few related sub-bunches that have distinctive explanations behind their cooperation in development exercises. This separation controls the procedure and the store network to collaborate for conveyance of the correct item to the correct cost for the client. Embracing some key ideas (e.g. lean considering, collaborating and authoritative learning) from the assembling business is indicated out as a probability decrease creation costs in lodging development. Research Milestones Task August September October November December January January February February Selection of topic and search for justification Constructing literature Selecting appropriate methods Data collection Data analysis and representation Reviewing the outcomes Conclusions and recommendations Submitting draft of the project Printing and final submission Resources Required Resources required to explore assets incorporates: Libraries- Libraries are the most clear decision for generally scientists, Diaries- Diaries are an exceptionally valuable, regularly underrated wellspring of research, giving germane data on the advancement of civil argument, basic sentiment and logical hypothesis. The Internet- The web can be a significant asset for exposition look into however do be careful with problematic destinations and unauthenticated data. Probably the most energizing and pertinent thesis illustrations take explore from all structures and media, from movies and tapes to interviews led by the paper authors themselves with key scientists, commentators, essayists or scholars. References Bailey, D. (2016).A performance evaluation of mainstream timber framed and traditional masonry housing in the UK(Doctoral dissertation, University of Nottingham). Birchmore, R., Davies, K., Etherington, P., Tait, R., Pivac, A. (2017). Overheating in Auckland homes: testing and interventions in full-scale and simulated houses.Building Research Information,45(1-2), 157-175. Boafo, F. E., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. T. (2016). Performance of Modular Prefabricated Architecture: Case Study-Based Review and Future Pathways.Sustainability,8(6), 558. Brege, S., Stehn, L., Nord, T. (2014). Business models in industrialized building of multi-storey houses.Construction Management and Economics,32(1-2), 208-226. De Araujo, V. A., Vasconcelos, J. S., Cortez-Barbosa, J., Morales, E. A., Gava, M., Savi, A. F., Garcia, J. N. (2016). WOODEN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS-A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH.Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering. Series II,9(2), 53. Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2014). Lifecycle carbon implications of conventional and low-energy multi-storey timber building systems.Energy and Buildings,82, 194-210. Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2014). Lifecycle primary energy analysis of low-energy timber building systems for multi-storey residential buildings.Energy and Buildings,81, 84-97. Eliasson, L., Berg, S., Sandberg, D. (2015). Some aspects on the more efficient use of wood in the industrial manufacture of single-fammily timber houses.Pro Ligno,11(4), 418-425. Hafner, A., Schfer, S. (2017). Comparative LCA study of different timber and mineral buildings and calculation method for substitution factors on building level.Journal of Cleaner Production. Islam, H., Zhang, G., Setunge, S., Bhuiyan, M. A. (2016). Life cycle assessment of shipping container home: A sustainable construction.Energy and Buildings,128, 673-685. Kalamees, T., Alev, ., Prnalaas, M. (2017). Air leakage levels in timber frame building envelope joints.Building and management,116, 121-129. Kamali, M., Hewage, K. (2016). Life cycle performance of modular buildings: A critical review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,62, 1171-1183. Kitek Kuzman, M., Sandberg, D. (2016). State of the Art and Future Trends in Timber-House Technologies in Slovenia and Sweden. InCOST Action FP1407 2nd Conferenc(pp. 65-66). Mendel University in Brno. Lawson, M., Ogden, R., Goodier, C. (2014).Design in modular construction. CRC Press. Marchesi, M., Kim, S. G., Matt, D. T. (2015, November). Assessing the design innovation potential of timber prefabricated housing through axiomatic design. InASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition(pp. V015T19A001-V015T19A001). American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Mlecnik, E. (2013). Opportunities for supplier-led systemic innovation in highly energy-efficient housing.Journal of cleaner production,56, 103-111. Motuzien?, V., RogoÃ… ¾a, A., Lapinskien?, V., Vilutien?, T. (2016). Construction solutions for energy efficient single-family house based on its life cycle multi-criteria analysis: a case study.Journal of Cleaner Production,112, 532-541. Song, Y., Mithraratne, N., Zhang, H. (2016). Life-time performance of post-disaster temporary housing: A case study in Nanjing.Energy and Buildings,128, 394-404. Sorak, M., Leskovar, V. Ã… ½., Premrov, M., Gori?anec, D., Punder, I. (2014). Economical optimization of energy-efficient timber buildings: Case study for single family timber house in Slovenia.Energy,77, 57-65. Wiberg, A. H., Georges, L., Dokka, T. H., Haase, M., Time, B., Lien, A. G., ... Maltha, M. (2014). A net zero emission concept analysis of a single-family house.Energy and buildings,74, 101-110.

Social and Organisational Issues in Project Management

Table of Contents Introduction Leadership Role Style Communication Project Procedures Teambuilding Conclusion Reference List Introduction Extant literature demonstrates that the past several decades have been manifested by rapid growth in the exploitation of project management as a viable means by which contemporary organizations the world over realize their set objectives (Meredith Mantel 2011; Piyush, Dangayash Mittak 2011), as well as their competitive advantage (Jones 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social and Organisational Issues in Project Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As acknowledged by Meredith Mantel (2011), most projects were external to the organization in the past, but the rapid proliferation in the use of projects in recent years has primarily been targeted to the sphere of projects internal to the organization. Despite the substantial scholarship focussed on the critica l sphere of project management both in the developed and developing world, little attention has been given to understanding the drivers of conflict that profile the trajectory of projects and influence their successful completion (Boudet, Jayasunder Davis 2011). The principal objective of the present paper is to identify and critically discuss four social and organisational issues that could be areas of potential conflict in a project. The areas earmarked for analysis include leadership role and style, communication, project procedures, and teambuilding. Leadership Role Style In spite of advances in the project management profession, consecutive research studies demonstrates that many projects fail, underscoring the immense significance of the project manager’s role as manager. Distinctively, the manager’s leadership role and style are of considerable consequence in not only motivating people but also generating an effective working environment in order for the proje ct team to successfully surmount greater challenges in contemporary global economy (Geoghegan Dulewicz 2008). A research conducted by in 2005 by Turner and Muller and cited in Anantatmula (2010) demonstrates that â€Å"†¦different project leadership styles are appropriate at different stages of the project life cycle, and the project manager has a leadership role in creating an effective working environment for the project team† (p. 13).Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This therefore implies that leaders themselves may be the cause of conflict in project environments, not only in the context of applying the wrong leadership style but also in failing to create an effective working environment which is needed to reinforce the collaboration of cross-functional team members working in various spheres or aspects of the project. As suggested in the literature, it may i ndeed be true that leadership style and competence in project settings are not directly related to project success (Anantatmula 2010); however, it can be argued that these two variables are critical to facilitating various project success factors that eliminate any sources of conflict and hence contributing to project performance. Conversely therefore, it can be argued that a leader who exercises authoritarian leadership style is likely to lose the confidence of team members in addition to their respect, loyalty, and willingness to cooperate in project activities. Lack of adequate understanding of leadership role, according to available literature, will not only escalate intergroup conflict, but will also lead to poor project performance, poor decision making, lack of stakeholder satisfaction, and incoherent team development (Geoghegan Dulewicz 2008; Hanisch et al 2009). All these issues, in my view, are predestined to cause conflict in project environments and, subsequently, poor project outcomes and performance. Additionally, leaders themselves propel conflict by failing to develop and internalise leadership challenges. It mat be true that the quality of leadership in project environments depends heavily on the leader’s personal experience and credibility within the organization (Geoghegan Dulewicz 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social and Organisational Issues in Project Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, good leaders must demonstrate a set of competencies that include conflict management, negotiation, and effective communication (Hudson et al 2005), integrity, charisma and persuasiveness, motivation, vision, supportive of team members, and leadership by example (Piyush et al 2011), as well as good problem-solving skills, ability to handle interpersonal conflict, capacity to plan and elicit commitments, and above-average intelligence (Hanisch et al 200 9). Communication Available literature demonstrates that â€Å"†¦communication in projects is essential for projects to succeed† (Ramsing 2011, p. 345). At the outset, effective two-way communication is a critical ingredient in any project activity because it engages both the senders (i.e., project managers) and receivers (i.e., stakeholders and employees) in a meaningful discourse about the vision, context, and scope of the proposed or ongoing project activity and its organisational and personal repercussions, thereby reducing potential conflict or resistance to the project (Levasseur 2010). Consequently, it can be argued that communication that is not guided by the doctrine of meaningful exchange of ideas presents a critical area of potential conflict in a project because some stakeholders may feel that their ideas and feelings are not taken into consideration in a manner that is not only likely to address their concerns satisfactorily, but also enhance their commitmen t to the project. Additionally, due to the ongoing globalization affecting all fronts of our society, projects tasks and activities are increasingly undertaken by team members from a multiplicity of linguistic, racial and cultural backgrounds (Proctor Doukakis 2003). This predisposition, in my view, has generated potential hotspots for conflict, especially for leaders who are yet to acquaint themselves with knowledge on how to deal with multicultural work teams. It is reported in the literature that although multicultural project teams are â€Å"†¦designed to pool resources and increase operational efficiencies, the cultural diversity of team members may create a longer learning curve for establishing effective processes than culturally homogenous groups† (Vesala-Varttala Varttala 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It can be rightly argued that single most important process that suffers the greatest in multicultural project teams is that of communication, leading to potential conflict witnessed in negative feelings among stakeholders, lack of clear vision of project goals and objectives, unmet project deadlines and expectations, lack of morale and insecurity. It is very clear from the analysis that these problems arise from failure to use two-way communication as well as failure to develop appropriate communication competencies that are intrinsically needed in multicultural project team settings. It is important for project leaders to realize that effective communication keeps important information and progress about project goals, objectives, and milestones flooding throughout the system that is affected by the project (Levasseur 2010). Arising from the ongoing, project managers should not only ensure that the internal information and communication avenues work effectively to the satisfaction of all stakeholders, but must also establish an open information climate with the view to improve interpersonal interactive communication channels in project settings (Proctor Doukakis 2003). Additionally, it is imperative for leaders to receive adequate exposure and training on leading multicultural teams with the view to reduce the negative effects that are occasioned ineffective communication. It should be noted that while ineffective communication may be the genesis of conflict in many organisational settings, successful project outcomes are realized when all stakeholders are fully integrated and aligned with project objectives using effective communication frameworks. Project Procedures Available literature demonstrates that many projects fail not only because they are unable to develop and actualise detailed administrative operating procedures to be followed, but also because they do not secure approval from key administrators (Bryde 2003). As a matter of principle, many pro jects operate without clearly defined procedures and do not take time to develop a statement of understanding or charter (Lientz Rea 2002). In the build-up phase, for example, many projects fail to schedule work breakdown packages, also known as project subunits, in liaison with functional team groups, leading to conflict exacerbated by communication breakdowns, lack of adequate knowledge of project goals and objectives, lack of cooperation between and among teams, as well as lack of effective feedback that could be used by team members to deal with challenges and forecast future project plans. It is also true that many project leaders not only fail to schedule monitoring and evaluation activities in the project life cycle, but do not consider reallocating available manpower resources to critical project areas that have been earmarked as prone to schedule slippages (Bryde 2003). In such instances, conflict arises from the inability of leaders to utilise available human resources as well as their incapacity to identify potential hotspot areas and consider possible alternatives. Additionally, the leaders are unable to attain prompt resolution of arising technical issues which may adversely impact project schedules, not only leading to conflict but also jeopardizing the realization of the targeted project objectives and outcomes. Power and authority struggles in project settings have also been identified as a likely cause of poor project procedures. According to Sutterfield et al (2007, p. 219), â€Å"†¦there are the departmental or organizational managers who are vested in protecting their own interests in the project, whether directly or indirectly†. In many instances, these low-cadre administrators consider the authority and sovereignty for autonomous action and decision-making accorded by the senior administration to the project leader to be infringing on their authority. Such departmental managers are concerned with maintaining the status quo of their own organizations and hence may endeavour to oblige the project manager to conform to each and every regulation pertaining to their separate spheres of interest, leading to conflict espoused by blatant disregard of the processes and procedures set to govern the interrelationships existing between and among project teams. Lack of properly formulated project procedures trigger deviations from the original project goals and objectives, implying that the project may be unable to justify the heavy investments made as it may fail even before it is completed. This leads to conflict between the funding agencies and the organisation. Teambuilding Building a fully functional and collaborative project team is one of the critical responsibilities of the project manager (Thomas et al 2008). In project environments, it is widely assumed that the â€Å"†¦team member’s goals are consistent with one another because any given project is typically focused on solving problems for a homogeneous set of stakeholders within a given functional area† (Jones 2008, p. 113). However, as demonstrated by this particular author, team building efforts are often affected by the scope and duration of the project, shifts in the initial project goals, change of team members, flagging enthusiasm and reduced financial or material resources. These factors may lead to conflict in a project. Additionally, important responsibilities of project teams may be affected by lack of collective team participation, inadequate skills and knowledge, lack of shared responsibilities, and insufficient creative talents (Gustafson Kleiner 1994; Thomas et al 2008). The problems related to lack of effective team building framework in project settings are often manifested in lack of definition of purpose, lack of a focused future, and absence of focused tasks, creative talents and rapid responses (Thomas et al 2008), as well as poor project performance (Jones 2008). To be effective, project lea ders must, in conjunction with other relevant stakeholders, nurture an atmosphere conducive to the realization of teamwork by not only creating good interpersonal relations and team spirit (Harris Harris 1996), but also demonstrating team building competencies such as good project leadership, open communication among team members and support organizations, unequivocal commitment to the project, and sincere interest in the professional and social growth of team members (Gustafson Kleiner 1994; Jones 2008). Overall, project leaders must realize that they must build teams in such a manner that all stakeholders can and will function together cooperatively and corroboratively to accomplish the shared goals and objectives of the project (Thomas et al 2008). Conclusion Conflict in project settings is inevitable and may originate from different quarters within the complex social systems we call organizations, primarily because they have inadequate means with which to satisfy the conflicti ng interests of their various stakeholders (Butler 1973). The present paper has discussed at length the four social and organizational issues that could present areas of potential conflict in any project setting. The issues discussed in this paper include leadership role and style, communication, project procedures, and teambuilding, though extant literature demonstrates that projects are also faced by myriad other issues such as politics, conflict of interests, ethics and knowledge management, among others (Bryde 2003; Larson Gray 2010). While the other issues may form an interesting topic of discussion in another paper, the present paper has been exhaustive and focused in discussing why these issues may or does often occur. It is interesting to underscore the fact that all these issues present real challenges to the successful implementation of projects, and hence project managers may find it noteworthy to read and digest the practical solutions contained in this paper for succes sful project outcomes. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that these issues are interrelated and therefore require concerted and multi-dimensional efforts to solve them rather than dealing with them on an individual basis. Reference List Anantatmula, VS 2010, ‘Project manager leadership role in improving project performance’, Engineering Management Journal, vol. 22 no. 1, pp. 13-22. Boudet, HS, Jayasundera, DC Davis, J, ‘Drivers of conflict in developing country infrastructure projects: Experience from the water and pipeline sectors’, Journal of Construction Engineering Management, vol. 137 no. 7, pp. 498-511. Bryde, DJ 2003, ‘Project management concepts, methods and application’, International journal of Operations Production Management, vol. 23 no. 7, pp. 775-793. Butler, AG 1973, ‘Project management: A study in organizational conflict’, Academy of Management journal, vol. 16 no. 1, pp. 84-101. Geoghegan, L Dulewicz, V 20 08, ‘Do project managers’ leadership competencies contribute to project success?’, Project Management journal, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 58-67. Gustafson, K Kleiner, BH 1994, ‘New developments in teambuilding’, Industrial Commercial Training, vol. 26 no. 9, pp. 17-22. Hanisch, B, Lindner, F, Mueller, A Wald, A 2009, ‘Knowledge management in project environments’, Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 13 no. 4, pp. 148-160. Harris, PR Harris, KG 1996, ‘Managing effectively through teams’, Team Performance Management, vol. 2 no. 3, pp. 23-36. Hudson, K, Grisham, T, Srinivason, P Moussa, N 2005, Conflict management, negotiation, and effective communication: Essential Skills for Project Managers. Web. Jones, MC 2008, ‘Large scale project team building: Beyond the basics’, Communications of the ACM, vol. 51 no. 10, pp. 113-116. Larson, EW Gray CF 2010, Project management: The managerial process, McGraw Hill, New York, NY. Levasseur, RE 2010, ‘People skills: Ensuring project success – A change management perspective’, Interfaces, vol. 40 no. 2, pp. 159-162. Lientz, BP Rea, KP 2002, Project management for the 21st century, 3rd edn, Taylor Francis, London. Meredith, JR Mentel, SJ 2011, Project management: A managerial approach, 8th edn, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, NJ. Piyush, M, Dangayash, GS Mittak, ML 2011, ‘A study of critical project success parameters in different organizational conditions’, Advances in Management, vol. 4 no. 8, pp. 50-56. Proctor, T Doukakis, I 2003, ‘Change management: The role of internal communication and employee development’, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, vol. 8 no. 4, pp. 268-277. Ramsing, L 2009, ‘Project communication in a strategic internal perspective’, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, vol. 14 no. 3, pp. 345-357. Sutterfield, JS, Friday-Stroud, SS Shivers-Blackwe ll, SL 2007, ‘How not to manage a project: Conflict management lessons learned from a DODF case study’, Journal of Behavioural Applied Management, vol. 8 no. 8, pp. 218-238. Thomas, M, Jacques, PH, Adams, JR Kihneman-Wooten, J 2008, ‘Developing an effective project: Planning and teambuilding combined’, Project Management Journal, vol. 39 no. 4, pp. 105-113. Vesala-Varttala, T Varttala, T 2010, Challenges and successes in multicultural corporate communication, HAAGA-HELIA. 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buy custom Experiment Planning essay 1.0Introduction The design that an experiment follows is influenced by two main factors; the total number of factors under investigation and the set objectives for the experiment. In order to answer any question regarding experimental design, it is necessary to come up with an effective example of the experiment. In connection with this, this experiment used various examples e.g. an experiment that was conducted by a technologist who tried to evaluate the consumption of fuel in different buses M and N. 2.0 Objectives In the choice of the number of objectives to cover, the experiment used three objectives. A researcher must deal with an achievable number of objectives. This enables the researcher to direct their energy to the key priorities of the experiment. More than three objectives are often too many to be achieved in a single experiment (Donaghy, 2003). In making a decision of the number of objectives, it was necessary to evaluate the different choices of objectives in experimental design. Though this varied, the most distinctive type were the comparative objective where the experiment deals with either one or more than one factor with the aim of making a conclusion on one of the factors (Charles, 2002). Measurement of the objectives of the experiment can take a two fold. At one hand, the experiment can decide to use quantitative measurements to evaluate the experiment. This are often measured using numbers. The quantitative measurements often evaluate the outcomes through figures. Time and budget are used under this form of measurement. On the other hand, a researcher might decide to use qualitative measurements to measure the objectives. The qualitative measurements are used when the experiment results cannot be stated in terms of units. The measurements are stated in terms of qualitative words such as good and bad. In the experiment, the researcher chooses to use a combination of both quantitative and qulitative measurements. 3.0 Evaluation Criteria In choosing a criterion for evaluation, and their quality characteristic, the researcher chooses to use the following procedure. The first criterion was to gauge the ability of the objective to be accomplished within a given time frame. If possible, the objective should go as far as state its end date e.g. by 2030, the level of poverty in the country should have reduced by a half. By working with a specific deadline, objectives become realistic and incorporate foresight. The main aim of designing an objective is to create a guiding framework towards the achievement of the goal. Thus, one criterion of evaluating the objective is to weigh it by relating it to a goal. If the objective does not lead to a specified goal, then, the objective is ineffective. For instance, if the goal is for the citizens to access quality health services, then one of the objectives can be for the hospital to purchase new hospital equipments and provide staff training for better provision of services. The objective directly relates to the set goal. Another criterion of evaluating the effectiveness of the objective can be accessing the number of outcomes that each objective links with. Each objective should only link to one outcome. Objectives which directly relates to more than one outcome are ineffective and often stated in ambiguous terms. Such objectives are unrealistic and often cannot be achieved. Also, the effectiveness of an objective lies in its ability to be written in certain measurable terms. It should clearly answer the question on how or to what extent the experiment was achieved? Clarity and simplicity should be the guiding factors to the effectiveness of any objective. When the objectives are clear and simple, they are well understood and they guide the experimenters in achieving the set objectives. In another criterion, though the objectives should be directed to certain end results, they should only clarify the when and what without going into the details of how and why. Every objective should possess the SMART characteristics i.e. it should be specific, measurable, Actionable, Realistic and Timed (Boughton, 2002). 4.0 Experimental factors On the question of the factors to incorporate in the experiment, the researcher will use the case of the technologist. It is wise to construct a design with two or more factors. Each of the factors should have a probable result or value (Barker, 1998). The values to be experimented should add up if combined at different levels of the factor. If a technologist is evaluating the consumption of fuel in different buses M and N. He will need to use different speeds e.g. 600 and 700. The experiment comprises of four variables. Bus M at 600, Bus N AT 700. Bus N at 600 and Bus M at 700. From above, the four factors have to be incorporated in the study. All the factors are necessary because they facilitate the inaccuracy or the error to be calculated in two different ways. This principle in the design of the experiment enables the replication of results. In dealing with the variables there is a probable tradeoff between the factors. The principle of probability helps in the random interchange of variables (Weiss, 2010). This reduces bias and increases the objectives of the experiment. 5.0 Conclusion As seen above, the design of an experiment comprises a perquisite tool to the success of any experiment. It provides a guiding framework through which a researcher concentrates on planning the actual experiment. Experiments require a procedural approach often accomplished through an effective design. Therefore, before creating the actual experiments, it is important to create a clear set of objectives. It is also necessary to clarify the factors that the experiment will be dealing with, alongside the set objectives. Buy custom Experiment Planning essay

Describe three important reforms that occurred during the Progressive Essay - 3

Describe three important reforms that occurred during the Progressive Era in American history. Describe what each one of them was, and why each one was an important reform - Essay Example Some of the communities were based on religious ground. Another first reform was the abolitionism; a movement gained the strength during the first half of the nineteenth century. The driving motive in removing what many people believed was the great slavery’s great moral. The second reform started with removing slavery issues during civil war and a continuous reconstruction. The progressive era was seen as the third reform. The America’s progressive movement was meant to address some of the social issues that came up in Us after the civil war due to industrialization. Progressive movement addressed some of the long-term issues like the suffering of women (Jaycox, 43). America changed big time after the civil war. The frontier was already settled, where the America emerged as one of the world’s industrial and agricultural power. During this period, there was imperialism experiment, development of great cities, and large numbers of the immigrants were accepted. The American community was bustled with industrial expansion, optimism, and wealth. Most Americans benefitted from the rising American industrial power Large numbers of the American subsisted on the edge of the economy. The women and children toiled in the mills and sweatshops for the pitiful sums. Poor children were unavle in attending the school. The health programs were not stable and the products were unhealthy. The working conditions of the employees were not safe and there was no protection of the work place. The old age, widows, orphans, and women had no protection schemes. The state hospitals and prisons for the mentally ill was commonly the horror houses. The state governments operated on the spoils system. The legislators in the various states were not chosen through direct vote. The trusts and the monopolies gained a greater power in the economy of America. A growing movement in prohibiting the alcoholic